化學(xué)式NaOH，通常被稱為燒堿、火堿、苛性鈉，是一種強(qiáng)堿，通常是片狀或塊狀形狀，具有強(qiáng)腐蝕性。易溶于水(溶于水時(shí)放熱)并構(gòu)成堿性溶液，另具潮解性，易于從空氣中吸收水蒸氣(潮解)和二氧化碳(蛻變)，可以參與鹽酸檢驗(yàn)是否變質(zhì)。
Chemical formula NaOH, commonly known as caustic soda, caustic soda and caustic soda, is a strong alkali, usually in sheet or block shape, with strong corrosivity. It is easily soluble in water (exothermic when dissolved in water) and forms an alkaline solution. In addition, it has deliquescence and is easy to absorb water vapor (deliquescence) and carbon dioxide (metamorphosis) from the air. It can participate in the hydrochloric acid test for deterioration.
NaOH在化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室中是必不可少的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，也是一種常用化學(xué)物質(zhì)。純物質(zhì)為無色，結(jié)晶。濃度為2.130g/cm3。熔點(diǎn)318.4℃。沸騰溫度1390℃。工業(yè)產(chǎn)品含有少量的氯化鈉和碳酸鈉，為白色結(jié)晶。具有塊、片、粒、棒等的塊狀。
NaOH is not only an essential chemical in chemical laboratory, but also a common chemical. Pure substances are colorless and crystalline. The concentration is 2.130g/cm3. Melting point 318.4 ℃. Boiling temperature 1390 ℃. Industrial products contain a small amount of sodium chloride and sodium carbonate, which are white crystals. A block with blocks, pieces, grains, rods, etc.

在水處理中，氫氧化鈉可作堿性清洗劑，溶于乙醇、甘油，不溶于丙醇、醚類。和氯，溴，碘等鹵素發(fā)生歧化反應(yīng)。和酸起中和作用，產(chǎn)生鹽和水。
In water treatment, sodium hydroxide can be used as alkaline cleaning agent, soluble in ethanol and glycerol, insoluble in propanol and ether. Disproportionation reaction with halogen such as chlorine, bromine and iodine. Neutralize with acid to produce salt and water.
氫氧化鈉(NaOH)是非常有用的。適用于生產(chǎn)紙張、番、染料、人造絲、磨砂、石油精制、棉織物整理、食品加工、木材加工和機(jī)械行業(yè)等。
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is very useful. It is suitable for the production of paper, saffron, dyes, rayon, frosting, petroleum refining, cotton fabric finishing, food processing, wood processing and machinery industries.
在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中，氫氧化鈉的用途十分廣泛，許多工業(yè)部門需要它。使用氫氧化鈉的主要成分是化工生產(chǎn)，其次是造紙、煉鋁、煉鎢、人造絲、人造棉、石棉等工業(yè)。生產(chǎn)染料、塑料、藥劑、有機(jī)中間體、舊橡膠的再生、金屬鈉、水的電解和無機(jī)鹽的生產(chǎn)，也要大量使用燒堿，硼砂、鉻鹽、錳酸鹽、磷酸鹽等。一種起用氫氧化鈉，超吸收性聚合物，沸石，環(huán)氧樹脂，磷酸鈉，亞硫酸鈉和許多鈉鹽的原料之一。
In the national economy, sodium hydroxide is widely used, and many industrial departments need it. The main component of sodium hydroxide is chemical production, followed by papermaking, aluminum smelting, tungsten smelting, rayon, artificial cotton, asbestos and other industries. In the production of dyes, plastics, pharmaceuticals, organic intermediates, the regeneration of old rubber, the electrolysis of metal sodium and water and the production of inorganic salts, it is also necessary to use caustic soda, borax, chromium salt, manganate, phosphate, etc. The utility model relates to one of the raw materials for using sodium hydroxide, super absorbent polymer, zeolite, epoxy resin, sodium phosphate, sodium sulfite and many sodium salts.
人工纖維如人造棉、人造毛、人造絲等，大多是粘膠纖維，它們是以纖維素、氫氧化鈉、二硫化碳(CS2)為原料，經(jīng)噴絲制得粘膠。
Artificial fibers such as artificial cotton, artificial wool and rayon are mostly viscose fibers. They are made of cellulose, sodium hydroxide and carbon disulfide (CS2) through silk spraying.
用氫氧化鈉對(duì)纖維進(jìn)行處理、染色，并將其應(yīng)用于棉纖維的絲光處理。經(jīng)燒堿液處理的棉織品，可除去棉織品上覆蠟、油脂、淀粉等物質(zhì)，共同提高了織物的絲光色，使染色更加均勻。
The fiber was treated and dyed with sodium hydroxide and applied to the mercerization of cotton fiber. The cotton fabric treated with caustic soda solution can remove the wax, grease, starch and other substances on the cotton fabric, jointly improve the mercerization color of the fabric and make the dyeing more uniform.