氫氧化鉀是白色粉末或片狀固體，具有強(qiáng)堿性和腐蝕性，容易吸收空氣中的水分和潮解，并吸收二氧化碳形成碳酸鉀。用作干燥劑和吸收劑，用于制造草酸和鉀鹽，也用于電鍍、雕刻和平版印刷。氫氧化鉀的合成原理是什么呢，今天，讓我們來(lái)介紹一下它的合成原理。
Potassium hydroxide is a white powder or flake solid with strong alkalinity and corrosivity. It is easy to absorb moisture and deliquescence in the air and absorb carbon dioxide to form potassium carbonate. It is used as desiccant and absorbent, in the manufacture of oxalic acid and potassium salt, as well as electroplating, engraving and lithography. What is the synthetic principle of potassium hydroxide? Today, let's introduce its synthetic principle.
一、用隔膜電解法制備汞電解電解液。在電解室中，石墨(或金屬)用作陽(yáng)極，汞用作陰極。電解產(chǎn)生的氯氣送至氯氣干燥工序，產(chǎn)生的鉀汞齊流入溶汞室。大部分未反應(yīng)的氫氧化鉀在淡鹽水狀態(tài)下處理，然后返回原料溶解過(guò)程。鉀汞合金與清水反應(yīng)生成氫氧化鉀和氫。由于來(lái)自溶汞室的產(chǎn)品濃度為45%-50%，可作為液體產(chǎn)品，也可在堿煮鍋中蒸熟濃縮成固體堿，或制成片狀產(chǎn)品。

1、 Mercury electrolyte was prepared by diaphragm electrolysis. In the electrolytic chamber, graphite (or metal) is used as anode and mercury is used as cathode. The chlorine generated by electrolysis is sent to the chlorine drying process, and the generated potassium amalgam flows into the mercury dissolving chamber. Most of the unreacted potassium hydroxide is treated in light brine and then returned to the raw material dissolution process. Potassium amalgam reacts with clean water to produce potassium hydroxide and hydrogen. Since the concentration of products from the mercury dissolving chamber is 45% – 50%, they can be used as liquid products, steamed and concentrated into solid alkali in an alkali boiler, or made into sheet products.
二、將隔膜電解法的原料氫氧化鉀在溶鹽罐中溶解成飽和溶液，加熱至90時(shí)，分別加入碳酸鉀，苛性鉀和氯化鋇，去除鈣、鎂、硫酸鹽等雜質(zhì)。將經(jīng)沉降除渣、鹽酸中和、精制后的含280-315克/升的，溶液預(yù)熱至70-75，電解得到氫氧化鉀，氯和氫。隔膜法得到的產(chǎn)品濃度為10%-11%，需要蒸發(fā)濃縮，冷卻澄清，制成含45%-50%氫氧化鉀；的溶液，或在堿煮鍋中濃縮，脫色得到固體產(chǎn)品，或壓片得到片狀氫氧化鉀產(chǎn)品。
2、 Dissolve the raw material potassium hydroxide of the diaphragm electrolysis method into a saturated solution in the salt dissolving tank. When heated to 90, add potassium carbonate, caustic potassium and barium chloride respectively to remove impurities such as calcium, magnesium and sulfate. The solution containing 280-315 g / L after sedimentation, slag removal, hydrochloric acid neutralization and refining is preheated to 70-75 and electrolyzed to obtain potassium hydroxide, chlorine and hydrogen. The concentration of the product obtained by the diaphragm method is 10% – 11%, which needs to be evaporated, concentrated, cooled and clarified to make it contain 45% – 50% potassium hydroxide; Or concentrated in an alkali boiler and decolorized to obtain solid products, or pressed to obtain flake potassium hydroxide products.
另外工業(yè)加工的是電解氫氧化鉀的水溶液，由于比氫氧化鈉更難脫水，商品純度只能達(dá)到85%到86%。如果需要純化，可以用與氫氧化鈉相同的方法進(jìn)行。
In addition, the industrial processing is the aqueous solution of electrolytic potassium hydroxide. Because it is more difficult to dehydrate than sodium hydroxide, the purity of the commodity can only reach 85% to 86%. If purification is required, it can be carried out in the same way as sodium hydroxide.