氫氧化鉀是強(qiáng)堿，具強(qiáng)堿性及腐蝕性。其性質(zhì)與燒堿相似，可以與酸反應(yīng)生成鹽和水，也可與石蕊試液變藍(lán)、酚酞試液變紅，也可與兩性氧化物、兩性金屬等反應(yīng)。下面具體介紹下氫氧化鉀的各種化學(xué)性質(zhì)。
Potassium hydroxide is a strong alkali with strong alkalinity and corrosivity. Its properties are similar to that of caustic soda. It can react with acid to produce salt and water, turn blue with litmus test solution, turn red with phenolphthalein test solution, and also react with amphoteric oxides and amphoteric metals. The following describes the chemical properties of potassium hydroxide.
1、與酸反應(yīng)
1. Reaction with acid
如與鹽酸、硫酸、硝酸反應(yīng)。
For example, it reacts with hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
KOH+HCl=KCl+H?O
KOH+HCl=KCl+H?O
2KOH+H?SO?=K?SO?+2H?O
2KOH+H?SO?=K?SO?+2H?O
KOH+HNO?=KNO?+H?O
KOH+HNO?=KNO?+H?O
2、顏色反應(yīng)
2. Color reaction
可使石蕊試液變藍(lán)、酚酞試液變紅。
It can make litmus test solution turn blue and phenolphthalein test solution turn red.
3、與兩性氧化物反應(yīng)
3. Reaction with amphoteric oxides
如與氧化鋁反應(yīng)。
Such as reaction with alumina.
Al?O?+2KOH=2KAlO?+H?O
Al?O?+2KOH=2KAlO?+H?O
4、與酸性氧化物反應(yīng)
4. Reaction with acid oxide
如與二氧化碳、二氧化硫反應(yīng)。
For example, it reacts with carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide.
2KOH+CO?=K?CO?+H?O
2KOH+CO?=K?CO?+H?O
2KOH+SO?=K?SO?+H?O
2KOH+SO?=K?SO?+H?O

5、與兩性金屬反應(yīng)
5. Reaction with amphoteric metals
如與鋁反應(yīng)。
If it reacts with aluminum.
2Al+2KOH+2H?O=2KAlO?+3H?↑
2Al+2KOH+2H?O=2KAlO?+3H?↑
6、與兩性氫氧化物反應(yīng)
6. Reaction with amphoteric hydroxide
如與氫氧化鋁反應(yīng)
Such as reaction with aluminum hydroxide
Al(OH)?+KOH=KAlO?+2H?O
Al(OH)?+KOH=KAlO?+2H?O
7、相關(guān)化學(xué)反應(yīng)
7. Related chemical reaction
2KOH+CuCl?=Cu(OH)?↓+2KCl
2KOH+CuCl?=Cu(OH)?↓+2KCl
CaO+H?O=Ca(OH)?
CaO+H?O=Ca(OH)?
Ca(OH)?+K?CO?=2KOH+CaCO?↓（由于KOH是強(qiáng)堿具有溶解蛋白質(zhì)的性質(zhì)，因此黑痣被除掉）
Ca (OH) Э +k Э Co ? =2koh+caco ?↓ (because KOH is a strong base and has the property of dissolving protein, the nevus is removed)
6KOH(s)+4O?(g)=4KO?（桔紅色）+2(KOH·H?O)+O?↑
6koh (s) +4o ? (g) =4ko ? (Orange) +2 (KOH · h ? o) +o ? ↑
4KOH(s)+4O?=4KO?+2H?O+O?↑
4KOH(s)+4O?=4KO?+2H?O+O?↑
6KOH+3S=△=2K2S+K2SO3+3H2O
6KOH+3S=△=2K2S+K2SO3+3H2O
2KOH+SO?=K?SO?+H?O18:16 2022/6/29
2KOH+SO?=K?SO?+H?O18:16 2022/6/29
KOH+CO?=KHCO?（氫氧化鉀變質(zhì)該反應(yīng)還是生產(chǎn)重要化工原料K?CO?的主要手段）
Koh+co Ψ =khco ? (the reaction of potassium hydroxide modification is also the main means to produce important chemical raw material K Ψ Co ?)
2KOH+H?S=K?S+2H?O
2KOH+H?S=K?S+2H?O
3KOH+C?H?Cl?=C6H?Cl?+3KCl+3H?O（農(nóng)藥666分解反應(yīng)）
3koh+c ? h ? Cl ? =c6h ? Cl ? +3kcl+3h‹o (pesticide 666 decomposition reaction)
8、與過渡元素鹽溶液發(fā)生復(fù)分解反應(yīng)
8. Double decomposition reaction with salt solution of transition elements
CuSO?+2KOH=Cu(OH)?↓+K?SO?
CuSO?+2KOH=Cu(OH)?↓+K?SO?
FeCl?+3KOH=Fe(OH)?↓+3KCl
FeCl?+3KOH=Fe(OH)?↓+3KCl
除此之外，氫氧化鉀還可以發(fā)生其他反應(yīng)，如與白磷反應(yīng)生成磷化氫氣體。
In addition, potassium hydroxide can also react with white phosphorus to produce phosphine gas.
此外氫氧化鉀對(duì)組織有燒灼作用，可溶解蛋白質(zhì)，形成堿性變性蛋白質(zhì)。溶液或粉塵濺到皮膚上，尤其濺到黏膜，可產(chǎn)生軟痂。溶液濃度越高，溫度越高，作用越強(qiáng)。濺入眼內(nèi)，不僅可損傷角膜，而且能使眼部深組織損傷。要小心，更多內(nèi)容就來我們網(wǎng)站http://sihu74.com咨詢吧！
In addition, potassium hydroxide can burn tissues, dissolve proteins and form alkaline denatured proteins. When the solution or dust splashes on the skin, especially on the mucous membrane, soft scabs can be produced. The higher the solution concentration, the higher the temperature, and the stronger the effect. Splashing into the eye can not only damage the cornea, but also damage the deep tissues of the eye. Be careful, come to our website for more information http://sihu74.com Consult!