氫氧化鉀極易吸收空氣中水分而潮解，吸收二氧化碳而成碳酸鉀。當(dāng)溶解于水、醇或用酸處理時(shí)產(chǎn)生大量熱量。溶于乙醇，微溶于醚。有極強(qiáng)的堿性和腐蝕性，其性質(zhì)與燒堿相似。但是大家知道它的合成工藝是什么嗎？下面就給大家來(lái)講解一下吧。
　　Potassium hydroxide can easily absorb water in air and deliquescence, and absorb carbon dioxide to form potassium carbonate. When dissolved in water, alcohol or treated with acid, it produces a lot of heat. Soluble in ethanol, slightly soluble in ether. It has strong alkalinity and corrosiveness, and its properties are similar to those of caustic soda. But do you know what the synthesis process is? Now let's talk about it.
　　氯化鉀在化鹽槽溶化成飽和溶液，加熱至90℃時(shí)分別加入碳酸鉀、苛性鉀、氯化鋇除去鈣、鎂和硫酸根等雜質(zhì)，經(jīng)沉降除渣、鹽酸中和、精制的含氯化鉀280～315g／L的氯化鉀溶液經(jīng)預(yù)熱到70～75℃后進(jìn)行電解，得氫氧化鉀、氯氣和氫氣。隔膜法所得產(chǎn)品濃度為10％～11％，需通過(guò)蒸發(fā)濃縮和冷卻澄清，制得含45％～50％產(chǎn)品的溶液；也可繼續(xù)在熬堿鍋中濃縮，經(jīng)脫色，制得固體產(chǎn)品，或經(jīng)制片成片狀產(chǎn)品。其反應(yīng)式如下：
　　Potassium chloride dissolves into saturated solution in the salt bath. Potassium carbonate, caustic potassium and barium chloride are added to remove impurities such as calcium, magnesium and sulfate at 90 C. Potassium hydroxide, chlorine gas and hydrogen are obtained by electrolysis of refined potassium chloride solution containing 280-315g/L of potassium chloride after precipitation, hydrochloric acid neutralization and preheating to 70-75 C. The concentration of the product obtained by diaphragm method is 10%-11%. The solution containing 45%-50% of the product is prepared by evaporation, concentration and cooling clarification. It can also be concentrated in the boiling pot and decolorized to produce solid products or flake products. The reaction formulas are as follows:

　　2KCl+2H2O[電解]→2KOH+C12↑+H2↑
　　2KCl+2H2[electrolysis]2KOH+C12_+H2_
　　水銀電解法電解液的配制同隔膜電解法。電解室中以石墨(或金屬)作陽(yáng)極，水銀作陰極，電解產(chǎn)生的氯氣送氯氣干燥工序，生成的鉀汞齊流人解汞室。大部分未反應(yīng)的氯化鉀以淡鹽水狀態(tài)經(jīng)處理后，返回原料溶解工序。因解汞室出來(lái)的濃度為45％～50％，可作為液體產(chǎn)品，也可再經(jīng)熬堿鍋蒸濃成固堿或制成片狀產(chǎn)品。其電解及鉀汞齊解汞反應(yīng)式如下：
　　The preparation of electrolyte for mercury electrolysis is the same as that for diaphragm electrolysis. In the electrolysis chamber, graphite (or metal) is used as anode, mercury is used as cathode, chlorine gas from electrolysis is is sent to the chlorine gas drying process, and potassium amalgam is produced in the mercury chamber. Most unreacted potassium chloride is treated in dilute brine and returned to the raw material dissolution process. Because the concentration of mercury solution chamber is 45%-50%, it can be used as a liquid product, or can be steamed and concentrated to solid alkali or made into flake products by boiling soda pot. The reaction formulas of electrolysis and potassium amalgamation for mercury dissolution are as follows:
　　2KCl+2Hg2→2Hg2K+Cl2。
　　2KCl+2Hg2_2Hg2K+Cl2.
　　2KCl+2Hg2-2Hg2K+Cl2。
　　2KCl+2Hg2-2Hg2K+Cl2.
　　2Hg2K+2H2O→2KOH+H2+4Hg。
　　2Hg2K+2H2_2KOH+H2+4Hg.
　　2Hg2K+2H2O-2KOH+H2+4Hg。
　　2Hg2K+2H_2O-2KOH+H2+4Hg.
　　以上就是給大家總結(jié)的關(guān)于氫氧化鉀的合成工藝，相信大家都已經(jīng)有所了解了，另外具強(qiáng)堿性及腐蝕性。吸收二氧化碳而成碳酸鉀。0.1mol/L溶液的pH為13.5。白色斜方結(jié)晶，工業(yè)品為白色或淡灰色的塊狀或棒狀。易溶于水，溶于乙醇，微溶于醚。
　　The above is a summary of the synthesis process of potassium hydroxide, I believe that everyone has already understood, in addition to strong alkalinity and corrosiveness. Absorbing carbon dioxide to form potassium carbonate. The pH of 0.1 mol/L solution is 13.5. White oblique crystal, industrial products for white or light gray block or bar. It is soluble in water, ethanol and ether.
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