氫氧化鉀又名苛性鉀、苛性堿、鉀灰，外觀為白色粉末或片狀固體，是一種常見的化工產(chǎn)品，不論是在工業(yè)上還是在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中都經(jīng)常會(huì)看見它的身影。但是氫氧化鉀屬于危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品，具有強(qiáng)堿性及腐蝕性，還會(huì)造成人體中毒。
　　Potassium hydroxide, also known as caustic potash, caustic soda and potassium ash, is a common chemical product with white powder or flake solid appearance. It is often seen in industry or laboratory. However, potassium hydroxide is a dangerous chemical with strong alkalinity and corrosiveness, which can also cause human poisoning.
　　強(qiáng)堿性及腐蝕性：其表現(xiàn)為在與皮膚接觸時(shí)會(huì)有燒灼作用，可溶解蛋白質(zhì)，形成堿性變性蛋白質(zhì)。溶液或粉塵濺到皮膚上，尤其濺到黏膜，可產(chǎn)生軟痂。溶液濃度越高，溫度越高，作用越強(qiáng)。濺入眼內(nèi)，不僅可損傷角膜，而且能使眼部深組織損傷。
　　Strong alkalinity and corrosiveness: it can burn when contacting with skin, dissolve protein and form basic denatured protein. Solution or dust splashed on the skin, especially on the mucous membrane, can produce soft scabs. The higher the solution concentration, the higher the temperature and the stronger the effect. Splashing into the eyes can not only damage the cornea, but also damage the deep tissues of the eyes.
　　如果我們?cè)谑褂脮r(shí)不小心發(fā)生接觸，要迅速進(jìn)行自救應(yīng)對(duì)：工作時(shí)應(yīng)防止觸及皮膚和眼睛，如不慎觸及時(shí)，可用流水洗滌受損部位，然后濕敷5%的醋酸、酒石酸、鹽酸或檸檬酸溶液;如濺人眼內(nèi)，應(yīng)用流水或生理鹽水仔細(xì)緩慢洗滌10～30 min，然后點(diǎn)入2%的奴佛卡因或0.5%的地卡因溶液。操作時(shí)應(yīng)穿由結(jié)實(shí)布制作的工作服，戴橡皮手套、袖套、圍裙，穿膠鞋等勞保用品，手上宜涂敷中性和疏水軟膏。
　　If contact happens accidentally when we use it, we should quickly carry out self rescue measures: prevent touching the skin and eyes during work, if it is touched in time, wash the damaged part with running water, and then wet 5% acetic acid, tartaric acid, hydrochloric acid or citric acid solution; if it splashes into the eyes, wash it carefully and slowly with running water or physiological saline for 10-30 minutes, and then point in 2% novocaine or 0.5 %Dicaine solution. During operation, workers shall wear work clothes made of strong cloth, rubber gloves, sleeves, apron, rubber shoes and other labor protection appliances, and apply neutral and hydrophobic ointment on their hands.

　　毒性：長(zhǎng)期吸入少量會(huì)造成肺損害，其急性毒性為L(zhǎng)D50273mg/kg(大鼠經(jīng)口)。所以一定要避免長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的從事氫氧化鉀相關(guān)工作，注意佩戴相應(yīng)防具，盡量避免食入。如果不小心食入，要立即用水漱口，并用飲牛奶或蛋清，嚴(yán)重者立即就醫(yī)。
　　Toxicity: a small amount of long-term inhalation will cause lung damage, and its acute toxicity is ld50273mg / kg (rat oral). Therefore, it is necessary to avoid engaging in potassium hydroxide related work for a long time, pay attention to wear corresponding protective equipment and try to avoid ingestion. If you don't eat it carefully, rinse your mouth with water immediately and drink milk or egg white. If you are serious, see a doctor immediately.
　　由于氫氧化鉀還會(huì)污染水體，具有爆炸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，在不慎發(fā)生泄露事故時(shí)要立即隔離泄漏污染區(qū)，限制出入。建議應(yīng)急處理人員戴防塵面具(全面罩)，穿防酸堿工作服。不要直接接觸泄漏物。小量泄漏：用潔凈的鏟子收集于干燥、潔凈、有蓋的容器中。也可以用大量水沖洗，洗水稀釋后放入廢水系統(tǒng)。大量泄漏：收集回收或運(yùn)至廢物處理場(chǎng)所處置。
　　Because potassium hydroxide can also pollute water body, which has the risk of explosion, in case of leakage accident, it is necessary to immediately isolate the leakage pollution area and restrict access. It is recommended that the emergency treatment personnel wear dust mask (full mask) and acid and alkali resistant work clothes. Do not touch the leakage directly. Small leakage: collect in dry, clean and covered container with clean shovel. It can also be washed with a large amount of water, and then diluted into the waste water system. Large amount of leakage: collected and recovered or transported to the waste disposal site for disposal.