氫氧化鉀的化學(xué)式為KOH外觀為白色的粉末或片狀固體。其熔點(diǎn)380℃，沸點(diǎn)1324℃。具強(qiáng)堿的特性及腐蝕性。暴露在空氣中時(shí)極易吸收空氣中水分而潮解，吸收二氧化碳而成碳酸鉀。溶于水、乙醇、甘油。當(dāng)溶解于水、醇或用酸處理時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的熱。
　　The chemical formula of KOH is white powder or flake solid. Its melting point is 380 ℃, and its boiling point is 1324 ℃. It has the characteristics of strong alkali and corrosiveness. When exposed to the air, it is easy to absorb water in the air and deliquesce, and absorb carbon dioxide to form potassium carbonate. Soluble in water, ethanol and glycerin. When dissolved in water, alcohol or treated with acid, a lot of heat will be generated.
　　以下是30%氫氧化鉀溶液配置方法：
　　The following is the preparation method of 30% potassium hydroxide solution:
　　1、計(jì)算氫氧化鉀和水的比例：這里以30%氫氧化鉀溶液為例，那么則需要?dú)溲趸?0g，水80g。
　　1. Calculate the proportion of potassium hydroxide and water: take 30% potassium hydroxide solution as an example, then 30 g of potassium hydroxide and 80 g of water are needed.
　　2、稱(chēng)取氫氧化鉀和水，可用天平等相關(guān)儀器精確稱(chēng)取。
　　2. Weigh potassium hydroxide and water, and use balance and other relevant instruments to weigh accurately.
　　3、將氫氧化鉀緩慢的倒入水中，用玻璃杯緩慢攪拌，直至均勻。
　　3. Slowly pour the potassium hydroxide into the water and stir with a glass until it is even.
　　4、標(biāo)定：一般先稱(chēng)取定量溶液放入烘箱中烘干至工作基準(zhǔn)試劑鄰苯二甲酸氫鉀，再溶于無(wú)二氧化碳的水中，使用酚酞試劑進(jìn)行標(biāo)定。臨用前標(biāo)定。
　　4. Calibration: generally, weigh the quantitative solution and dry it in the oven to the working reference reagent potassium hydrogen phthalate, then dissolve it in the water without carbon dioxide, and calibrate it with phenolphthalein reagent. Pre use calibration.

　　氫氧化鉀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)滴定溶液的濃度，數(shù)值以摩爾每升表示，按以下公式計(jì)算：
　　The concentration of potassium hydroxide standard titration solution, expressed in moles per liter, is calculated according to the following formula:
　　其中，m——鄰苯二甲酸氫鉀的質(zhì)量的準(zhǔn)確數(shù)值，單位為克（g）；
　　Where, m — the accurate value of the mass of potassium hydrogen phthalate, unit: G;
　　V1——氫氧化鉀-乙醇溶液的體積的數(shù)值，單位為毫升（ml）；
　　V1 — volume value of potassium hydroxide ethanol solution, unit: ml;
　　V2——空白試驗(yàn)氫氧化鉀-乙醇溶液的體積的數(shù)值，單位為毫升（ml）；
　　V2 — volume value of blank test potassium hydroxide ethanol solution, unit: ml;
　　M——鄰苯二甲酸氫鉀的摩爾質(zhì)量的數(shù)值，單位為克每摩爾（g/mol）[M(KHC8H4O4)=204.22]
　　M — value of molar mass of potassium hydrogen phthalate, unit: g / mol [M (khc8h4o4) = 204.22]