氫氧化鉀是一種白色固體物質(zhì)，屬于強(qiáng)堿，腐蝕性強(qiáng)。易溶于水。在空氣中易吸收二氧化碳和水分，致使變質(zhì)。通常用電解氯化鉀溶液，或?qū)⑻妓徕浐褪胰榉磻?yīng)而得。用于制取鉀鹽和鉀肥皂，還可作干燥劑等。
Potassium hydroxide is a white solid substance, belonging to strong alkali and strong corrosivity. Soluble in water. It is easy to absorb carbon dioxide and water in the air, resulting in deterioration. It is usually obtained by electrolyzing potassium chloride solution or reacting potassium carbonate with lime milk. It is used to make potassium salt and potassium soap, and can also be used as desiccant.
電解氫氧化鉀溶液，陽極發(fā)生反應(yīng)4OH–4e-=2H?O+O?↑陰極此時(shí)發(fā)生反應(yīng)4H++4e-＝2H?↑總反應(yīng)方程式2H?O=電解＝2H?↑+O?↑
Electrolytic potassium hydroxide solution, anode reaction 4OH — 4e – = 2H? O+O? ↑ the cathode reacts at this time 4H + + 4E – = 2H? ↑ total reaction equation 2H? O = electrolysis = 2H? ↑+O? ↑
水減少氫氧化鉀濃度增大，pH升高，如果是電解熔融氫氧化鉀情況會(huì)有所不同。電解熔融氫氧化鉀時(shí)情況如下：
When the water decreases, the concentration of potassium hydroxide increases and the pH increases. If it is electrolytic melting of potassium hydroxide, the situation will be different. The situation of electrolytic melting of potassium hydroxide is as follows:
陽極：K++e-＝K
Anode: K + + e – = k
陰極：4OH–4H+＝2H?O（g）+O?↑
Cathode: 4OH — 4H + = 2H? O（g）+O? ↑
總反應(yīng)方程式：4KOH（熔融）＝電解＝4K+2H?O（g）+O?↑
Total reaction equation: 4koh (melting) = electrolysis = 4K + 2H? O（g）+O? ↑
由于氫氧化鉀在熔融狀態(tài)下無H+存在，在熔融狀態(tài)下溫度為300+℃，H?O以氣體形式存在，所以不符合水溶液環(huán)境。
Since there is no H + in the molten state of potassium hydroxide, the temperature in the molten state is 300 + ℃, H? O exists in the form of gas, so it does not conform to the environment of aqueous solution.

氫氧化鉀是基礎(chǔ)化學(xué)工業(yè)中的重要產(chǎn)品，主要用作鉀鹽和鉀堿的生產(chǎn)原料，在醫(yī)藥、輕工業(yè)、電化工、紡織等領(lǐng)域也有廣泛應(yīng)用。應(yīng)用舉例如下：一種以甲苯作為反應(yīng)的緩沖劑，用氫氧化鉀作催化劑將甲基環(huán)硅氧烷在一定溫度和壓力的條件下進(jìn)行開環(huán)聚合，再用硫酸進(jìn)行水解中和，然后減壓脫去甲苯制得粘度為20～40CS，羥基含量在2～12％以上的小分子羥基硅油。
Potassium hydroxide is an important product in the basic chemical industry. It is mainly used as raw material for the production of potassium salt and potash. It is also widely used in medicine, light industry, electrochemistry, textile and other fields. The application examples are as follows: a small molecular hydroxyl silicone oil with viscosity of 20 ~ 40cs and hydroxyl group content of more than 2 ~ 12% is prepared by ring opening polymerization of methylcyclosiloxane under certain temperature and pressure with toluene as reaction buffer and potassium hydroxide as catalyst, hydrolysis and neutralization with sulfuric acid, and then removing toluene under reduced pressure.
用氫氧化鉀催化合成小分子羥基硅油的方法采用甲基環(huán)硅氧烷為原料，以甲苯作為反應(yīng)緩沖劑，用氫氧化鉀作催化劑，硫酸作中和劑在水中進(jìn)行開環(huán)聚合，原材料的組分質(zhì)量份配比為：
The method of synthesizing small molecule hydroxyl silicone oil catalyzed by potassium hydroxide uses methylcyclosiloxane as raw material, toluene as reaction buffer, potassium hydroxide as catalyst and sulfuric acid as neutralizer for ring opening polymerization in water. The component mass ratio of raw materials is:
甲基環(huán)硅氧烷為100質(zhì)量份、氫氧化鉀10～70質(zhì)量份、甲苯70～120質(zhì)量份、硫酸8.5～60質(zhì)量份；工藝控制條件：反應(yīng)溫度100～150℃、反應(yīng)時(shí)間2～7小時(shí)、水解溫度30～70℃、水解時(shí)間1～3小時(shí)、攪拌轉(zhuǎn)速大于70轉(zhuǎn)/分鐘。
Methylcyclosiloxane is 100 parts by mass, potassium hydroxide 10 ~ 70 parts by mass, toluene 70 ~ 120 parts by mass and sulfuric acid 8.5 ~ 60 parts by mass; Process control conditions: reaction temperature 100 ~ 150 ℃, reaction time 2 ~ 7 hours, hydrolysis temperature 30 ~ 70 ℃, hydrolysis time 1 ~ 3 hours, stirring speed greater than 70 rpm.
此外要密封保存，避免與空氣中的水、二氧化碳反應(yīng)；儲(chǔ)存于陰涼、干燥、通風(fēng)良好的環(huán)境中。遠(yuǎn)離火種、熱源，環(huán)境濕度好不大于85％。與易（可）燃物、酸類等分開存放，切忌混儲(chǔ)。儲(chǔ)區(qū)應(yīng)備有合適的材料收容泄漏物。更多相關(guān)信息就來關(guān)注網(wǎng)站www.jinhao360.com咨詢了解！
In addition, it shall be sealed and stored to avoid reaction with water and carbon dioxide in the air; Store in a cool, dry and well ventilated environment. Keep away from kindling and heat sources, and the ambient humidity shall not be greater than 85%. It shall be stored separately from inflammables and acids, and mixed storage shall not be allowed. The storage area shall be equipped with appropriate materials to contain leakage. For more information, please visit www.jinhao360.com Com consultation!