目前，氫氧化鉀片堿生產(chǎn)工藝，較普遍地采用降膜蒸發(fā)工藝，氫氧化鉀溶液在進(jìn)入降膜蒸發(fā)器及降膜濃縮器的降膜管中，沿加熱管內(nèi)壁形成均勻的液膜并依靠重力下降受熱蒸發(fā)。
At present, the falling film evaporation process is widely used in the production process of potassium hydroxide flake alkali. When the potassium hydroxide solution enters the falling film tube of the falling film evaporator and falling film concentrator, it forms a uniform liquid film along the inner wall of the heating tube and falls by gravity for heating and evaporation.
降膜蒸發(fā)器的加熱管外采用來自外管網(wǎng)的0，9MPa的低壓蒸汽以及降膜濃縮器產(chǎn)生的二次蒸汽加熱，降膜濃縮器的加熱管外采用熔鹽加熱，通過間接傳熱，以及真空負(fù)壓技術(shù)，逐步提高氫氧化鉀溶液溫度從而達(dá)到沸騰，溶液中的水分部分蒸發(fā)，并能得到熔融的90%~95%氫氧化鉀，后經(jīng)片堿機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)鼓冷卻刮片，進(jìn)入成品包裝。
Outside the heating pipe of the falling film evaporator, 0,9mpa low-pressure steam from the external pipe network and the secondary steam generated by the falling film concentrator are used for heating. Outside the heating pipe of the falling film concentrator, molten salt is used for heating. Through indirect heat transfer and vacuum negative pressure technology, the temperature of potassium hydroxide solution is gradually increased, so as to achieve boiling. The water in the solution is partially evaporated, and molten 90% ~ 95% potassium hydroxide can be obtained, which is cooled and scraped by the rotating drum of the flake alkali machine, Enter the finished product packaging.
在氫氧化鉀片堿的實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中，卻因設(shè)備熱應(yīng)力，熔融堿的強(qiáng)氧化腐蝕、堿液冷卻固化等一系列問題造成生產(chǎn)的被動(dòng)局面，因此氫氧化鉀片堿生產(chǎn)要求長(zhǎng)周期穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行，每一次的開停車，空氣都會(huì)進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)，更難免使設(shè)備表面的氧化鎳層脫落，使其下層出現(xiàn)新的表面腐蝕。因此應(yīng)盡可能減少停車次數(shù)，防止因開停車頻繁加劇設(shè)備的腐蝕，縮短設(shè)備的使用壽命。
The caustic soda will enter the production system for a long time, and the caustic soda will be oxidized on the surface of the equipment, which will inevitably lead to the corrosion of the lower caustic soda production system. Therefore, the number of shutdown shall be reduced as much as possible to prevent the frequent startup and shutdown from aggravating the corrosion of the equipment and shortening the service life of the equipment.

在KOH片堿生產(chǎn)過程中，有來自公用工程的低壓蒸氣，天然氣、氮?dú)?、循環(huán)水、冷卻純水、生產(chǎn)水以及工廠風(fēng)(壓縮空氣)、儀表氣等外界工藝條件，任何一項(xiàng)的斷流，甚至不穩(wěn)定都會(huì)導(dǎo)致片堿系統(tǒng)的生產(chǎn)停車，而其系統(tǒng)自身的工藝操作故障、設(shè)備運(yùn)行故障，儀表控制故障、電氣運(yùn)行故障等，有時(shí)也會(huì)成為系統(tǒng)停車的關(guān)鍵因素。
In the production process of KOH flake caustic soda, there are external process conditions such as low-pressure steam from public works, natural gas, nitrogen, circulating water, cooling pure water, production water, plant air (compressed air), instrument gas, etc. any interruption or even instability will lead to the production shutdown of flake caustic soda system, and its own process operation failure, equipment operation failure, instrument control failure, electrical operation failure, etc, Sometimes it will also become a key factor in system shutdown.
為保證氫氧化鉀溶液能在降膜蒸發(fā)器換熱管內(nèi)能形成均勻的液膜，防止因液膜斷裂形成干壁區(qū)造成對(duì)列管熱應(yīng)力腐蝕，要求低負(fù)荷不低于設(shè)計(jì)負(fù)荷的30%，正常生產(chǎn)時(shí)要求在60%~100%額定產(chǎn)量范圍內(nèi)投料生產(chǎn);開車投料期間不宜投料太多，以防止因開始投料過多，堿液在列管內(nèi)不能成膜或膜太厚，堿液內(nèi)水分不完全蒸發(fā)，濃縮過程不能很好進(jìn)行，在此階段，流量過大或過小都會(huì)腐蝕鎳材，損壞設(shè)備，增加片堿中的鎳含量。
In order to ensure that the potassium hydroxide solution can form a uniform liquid film in the heat exchange tube of the falling film evaporator and prevent the thermal stress corrosion of the column tube caused by the formation of dry wall area due to the fracture of the liquid film, the low load is required to be no less than 30% of the design load. In normal production, it is required to be put into production within the range of 60% ~ 100% of the rated output; During the start-up feeding, it is not suitable to feed too much to prevent the alkali liquor from forming a film or the film is too thick in the row pipe due to too much feeding, the water in the alkali liquor is not completely evaporated, and the concentration process cannot be carried out well. At this stage, too large or too small flow will corrode the nickel material, damage the equipment and increase the nickel content in the sheet alkali.
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